How Cultural Culture Is Powerfully Molded By Rewards

This is a problem, because without a reliable definition (or definitions) of culture, we cannot understand its connections to other key elements of the organization. Nor can we develop adequate approaches to analyzing, preserving and molding cultures. If we can define what organizational culture is, it gives us an understanding on how to help solve problems and even to create and evolve better cultures Culture is steady, clear patterns of behavior in organizations. This view heightens repeated behavior or habits as the heart of culture and deemphasizes what people feel, think or believe. It also focuses our attention on the forces that mold behavior in organizations, and so brings up an important question: are all those forces â€Å"culture† or is culture simply the behavioral outputs? Culture is powerfully molded by rewards. The best predictor of what people will do is what they are rewarded to do. By incentives, financial rewards, non- financial rewards such as status, understanding and advancement, and rules, to which members of the organization are subject. But where do incentives come from? As with the previous definition, there are potential chicken-and-egg issues. Are patterns of behavior the product of rewards, or have rewards been constructed in fundamental ways by beliefs and values that downplay the culture? Note that this motivates the definition of culture beyond patterns of behavior into the domain of jointly-held beliefs and meaning about â€Å"what is.† It says thatShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 90 An Exer cise for Identifying Aspects of Personal Culture: A Learning Plan and Autobiography 92 SKILL APPLICATION 95 Activities for Developing Self-Awareness 95 Suggested Assignments 95 Application Plan and Evaluation 95 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA 97 Self-Awareness Assessment 97 Scoring Key 97 ComparisonRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesper, sonal and professional advancement via an MBA that will prepare you for leadership challenges in any business field. You are aware, however, that Harvard Business School receives about ten thousand applications annually, and you are uncertain how to make your ap.... plication stand out. We understand. We have been in your shoes. This book seeks to demystifythe admissions process for applicants by providing a selective but robust sample of HBS essaysthat have sue, cessfullysurvived the admissionsRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pages123 6 The Cognitive School Strategy Formation as a Mental Process 149 7 The Learning School Strategy Formation as an Emergent Process 175 8 The Power School Strategy Formation as a Process of Negotiation 233 9 The Cultural School Strategy Formation as a Collective Process 263 10 The Environmental School Strategy Formation as a Reactive Process 285 I I The Configuration School Strategy Formation as a Process of Transformation 301 12 Hang On

A Study of Adolescence Anxiety, Depression and Low...

A Comparison of CBT, Relaxation Training and EMDR: A Study of Adolescence. Anxiety, depression and low self-esteem have several different causes. Adolescents can develop psychological trauma caused by broken families, bullying by peers, mental, physical and sexual abuse. (Bensley, Van Eenwyk, Spieker, Schoder, 1999). These things and many more can cause an adolescent to have low self-esteem, which has been known to create emotional problems such as anxiety and depression (Kendall-Tackett, Williams, Finkelhor, 1993). It can prove problematic to research large groups of adolescents. Many adolescent problems are not addressed until there are legal issues from environmental issues and/or poor behavior, having developed coping mechanisms†¦show more content†¦CBT is different from traditional psychodynamic psychotherapy because CBT is an active intervention meaning the therapist and the patient will actively work together to help the patient recover. Therapists who perform CBT will likely be problem-focused, and goal-directed in addressing the challenging symptoms of mental illnesses. A patient can also expect to do homework or practice outside of sessions. (NAMI, 2012) Psychologists are showing a greater interest in adolescent emotional and behavioral problems. Studies to address school intervention techniques such as CBT and relaxation have been completed (Kahn, Kehle, Jenson, Clark, 1990). Researchers are looking at different techniques to help adolescents cope with high stress events and low self-esteem (Wanders, Serra, Jongh, 2008). In a long term study conducted by Barrett, Duffy, Dadds, and Rapee in 2001, CBT was shown to be an effective therapy for childhood anxiety disorders. The primary goal was to determine the long term effects of CBT and family oriented CBT. Family oriented CBT is the family context in which aggression or abuse may occur. 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Data Flow Diagram free essay sample

Data modeling is the formalization and documentation of existing processes and events that occur during pplication software design and development. It simplifies the complex process of software design, making a blueprint for construction. The purpose of this standard is to establish guidelines for budget unit and State implementations of data modeling that facilitate common, interoperable representations and descriptions of data and information that is collected and managed. This applies to all budget units. A budget unit is defined as a department, commission, board, institution or other agency of the state receiving, expending or disbursing state funds or incurring bligations of the state including the Arizona Board of Regents but excluding the universities under the Jurisdiction of the Arizona Board of Regents, the community college districts and the legislative or Judicial branches. A. R. S. S 41-3501(2). The Budget Unit Chief Executive Officer (CEO), working in conjunction with the Budget Unit Chief Information Officer (CIO), shall be responsible for ensuring the effective implementation of Statewide Information Technology Policies, Standards, and Procedures (PSPs) within each budget unit. We will write a custom essay sample on Data Flow Diagram or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. 3. 4. STANDARD Data modeling is the graphical mapping of data/information in its elations to IT software application systems, sub-systems, and processes that gather, manage, transform, and communicate such data/information. Data modeling is an important component of systems development and re-engineering that can ensure program design supports requirements for scalability, robustness, security, extensibility, and other characteristics, before implementation in programming code renders changes difficult and expensive to make. 4. 1 . In accordance with the implementation criteria defined in Statewide Policy P740, Data/lnformation Architecture, when required, budget units shall complete, and subsequently update hroughout the development cycle of the IT project, a high-level physical data flow diagram (DFD) for the IT projects standard Rev 2. Data Modeling Effective: October 31, 2007 Page 2 of 8 software application, such as illustrated in Attachment A, Data Modeling Symbols, Definitions, and Samples.

The Concept of the Current and Future Challenges of IT Governance

Concept of IT Governance The world is increasingly getting globalized as technological inventions continue to get advanced in the society. According to Jargon (2011, p. 47), the world has been reduced into a small global village. Thanks to the advanced technologies. This scholar says that the current society highly depends on technology. Technology has been embraced in various sectors of the economy. It has helped standardize processes within firms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of the Current and Future Challenges of IT Governance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has also been very important in the management of firms. The management of firms in the current competitive market requires employment of technology. This is because there is need to ensure that in every strategy taken, the management can have a clear knowledge of all the possible results, determine if there will be any possible challen ge during the implementation, and how these challenges can be countered. This can only be possible when the scientific approach to management is introduced. This approach involves applying technology at all the managerial levels of the firm. IT governance has gained popularity in the twenty first century. As the world gets increasingly globalized, managements have come to realize that they have to globalize their operations. The world markets have been opened up for international trade. Coca Cola, a large American beverage company, has a global coverage. Similarly, Japanese Toyota Motors has global market coverage. According to Brooke, Lucinda and Yan (2011, p. 350), firms have come to realize that the only way to beat local competition is to go global. This scholar emphasizes the fact that most of the world markets in various industries have global players. When a firm fails to go global, its local markets would be eaten up by other foreign firms which will enter the local market. The best strategy is always to go global and fight competition from the global perspective. According to Leighton (2008, p. 110), globalization of various firms has made it necessary to embrace IT governance. A firm such as the Coca Cola Company has its headquarters in the United States of America. However, the firm operates in over 150 countries in the seven continents of the world. The top management cannot possibly run this firm through physical presence in all the branches of this firm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The management duty in various countries must be delegated to mid management employees working in these regions. These employees must work directly under the instruction of the top management. The vision and mission of the firm, the values and all strategic objectives must trickle down to the employees in all the regions around the world. Employees must fee l the presence of the chief executive in their respective offices irrespective of their location around the globe. This is where technology has always been brought in to help manage such business. IT governance has been relevant in managing large organizations which have a global perspective. Such technologies as video conferencing have become very popular in managing branches that are overseas. Social media has also offered management strategies through which management of their firms can be improved. As Andreas (2012, p. 37) says, the management can upload a particular video showing how a given activity should be carried out. This video would then be shared in various branches of the firm as a demonstration to the employees on how they are expected to carry out their duties. IT governance has faced a number of challenges despite the above mentioned advantages. According to Boyd and Ellison (2008, p. 210), the world embraced IT governance without the realization that it also comes with some responsibilities and challenges. This scholar says that some firms have failed due to overreliance and implementation of inappropriate strategies. Understanding these challenges can help a firm know how to approach IT in its governance strategies. This research focuses on the current and future challenges of IT governance. Relevance of IT governance in the current society The business world has got increasing competition. Firms are struggling to keep pace with the competition that is constantly increasing in the market. According to Bennett and Strange (2011, p. 57), firms are under pressure to improve their performance in their respective markets. Customers are currently willing to pay less because they have various alternatives in the market. Suppliers are demanding more because they have gained monopoly in the market. Business units find themselves in the middle of these two pressures. It has to survive. It has to meet the demands of both ends. This requires a high degr ee of efficiency. Managements must find ways of reducing their expenditures as they struggle to increase their profitability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of the Current and Future Challenges of IT Governance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The three pressures from the customers, suppliers and competitors are always so massive that when a firm fails to act promptly, it may be edged out of the market. Getting into the market with appropriate technologies is the right approach to take in managing these challenges. Use of IT in governance has proven to be very resourceful in managing the current competition. Firms are currently trying to reduce such expenses as travel costs of the top managements. This means that an alternative has to be found to enable top management monitor all the units of the firm operating in different regions around the world. The solution has been IT governance. Managements h ave also been keen to have a slimmer and more efficient workforce within their facilities. The solution to this has also been IT management. IT management is coming out as a solution to many of the emerging needs of various firms around the world. The relevance of IT governance in the current business world has been obviously witnessed in many of the international firms around the world. Given the current trends in the market, it is clear that IT governance is here to stay. This is because even smaller business units are finding it appropriate in the management of their small business units. Current challenges of IT governance According to Coveney and Highfield (1995, p. 119), IT governance came as a magical solution to most of the problems that large multinational firms had in managing their overseas branches. It was difficult following all the activities taking place in overseas branches without having to move to those branches quite often. This was not only time consuming, but al so a detractive move as the management would be forced to suspend other important managerial duties at the head office while travelling overseas. The need to eliminate this challenge was great, and when IT governance offered a solution, many firms embraced this solution without having the idea that this technology would be coming along with some challenges. The following are some of the challenges of IT governance in the current society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Coombs (2007, p. 2) observes, one of the leading challenges of IT governance is absence of properly documented strategies. In most of the current organizations that use IT government, the strategy of coming up with new approaches to managing various issues in the market has changed. Documentation is constantly growing unpopular as managements and employees embrace the casual nature of approaching the changing trends in the market. This casual trend in important in managing dynamism and ensuring that the firm remains flexible to changes. However, it is very challenging for the management to trace a strategy that was used to bring a particular success or that which brought failure within the firm. This is because there is no documentation that can help trace this history. Managements are, therefore, forced to have a rough memory of these strategies so that those that have brought success can be maintained, and those that brought failure can be eliminated. It reaches a time where th e memory cannot hold any longer. In such incidents, the management may realize that it ends up repeating some of the mistakes it did in the past. Because they were not documented, a repeat mistake can be very common. Communication within the firm has greatly been improved with the introduction of e-governance. However, Barthe (2010, p. 93) says that technology has also affected communication to a great deal. This scholar says that in as much as technology has created an environment where the management can communicate with employees irrespective of their location, it has brought with it opportunity to manipulate various issues within the firm. An officer who is interested in taking a different approach from that favored by the management can easily sabotage the communication network and implement his or her strategy without getting information from the top management only to blame the same technology later. This can be very dangerous to the management, especially when the implemente d strategy goes in contrary to the set overall objectives of the firm. IT governance also eliminates the physical presence of the two individuals who are communicating. Physical presence is always important in communication as it helps develop a cord and trust between the two communicating parties. Daft (2009, p. 47) says that deriving of tactical plans has been a real challenge in an environment where management heavily relies on IT governance. According to this scholar, tactical plans are always developed out of the daily activities of the firm. When the management has a direct contact with employees and all the activities taking place within the firm is properly documented, coming up with a strategy of how to manage market competition through tactical plans is easier. An employee would easily give a suggestion to the management. Because of the physical presence of the manager, he or she is able to discuss the issue, assess its relevance given the prevailing circumstance, and dete rmine how it can be implemented within the firm. In IT governance, this possibility is eliminated. Managers are not physically present at operational levels of the firm. Developing tactical plans that can help define the daily running of the firm cannot be properly defined. This is worsened by the absence of documentation within the firm. Costs of installing and maintaining IT system within the organization may be prohibitive. As shown in the discussion above, the need to embrace IT governance is unquestionable, especially given the emerging trends in the market. However, the cost of developing and maintaining some of the IT system can be very high. According to Amrosini, Johnson and Scholes (1998, p. 59), most firms can easily afford the costs of installing and maintaining the system within the firm. However, the system can malfunction or can be sabotaged. A firm that heavily relies on IT governance can incur huge costs in case its IT system is sabotaged. The cost resulting from su ch sabotages and malfunctioning of the system may result in loses that may take years to recover. This will have a massive impact on the firm. As Coulter (2009, p. 94) says, the impact can be huge that a firm may face serious litigation cases for non delivery of their products to the clients. The long legal battles will not only have further financial damage to the firm, but will also damage the image of the firm in the market. This consequence may be too devastating that a firm may be forced out of the market. Data security within the plant has been another challenge that firms are facing in implementing IT governance in their management strategies. The Wikileaks may be popular among various quarters for its ability to hijack into one of the most secure systems, the US Intelligence System. However, this only demonstrates how insecure the internet can be. If the US Intelligence System was hijacked and important confidential information released to the public, then no firm can claim to be safe when using IT governance. According to Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger (2012, p. 29), for a firm to operate successfully in the market, it should have competitive advantage over other firms in the market. This means that it must have unique management strategies that its competitors do not have. Firms are always struggling to get the strategy that is making their competitors strong in the market, while ensuring that their strategy remains a secret. When a firm’s secret can easily be available to the competitors, then it may not be very successful. The best approach that a firm should take is to ensure that the strategies are communicated in a manner that cannot be detected by competitors. This may involve avoidance using IT governance at some stages. Possible future challenges of IT governance The future is very bright with the use of IT governance in various firms in the society. According to Andzulis, Panagopoulos, and Rapp (2012, p. 310), implementing IT withi n the firm can help it manage various issues within a very short time. It helps in eliminating the need for constant travels that is always common within organization. However, given the current challenges that firms face in the implementation of IT governance, it may be a fact that the future of IT governance may still be clouded with some challenges. The following are some of the possible challenges that firms may face in implementing IT governance in future. Loss of important data, or what Anderson (2011, p. 48) describes as data theft might increase with increased reliance of IT governance within firms. Competition in the current market has gotten so stiff that other firms would wish downfall of their competitors. Others do not always stop a wishful thinking. They make efforts to try and sabotage operations of their competitors in order to bring them down. This can be very dangerous given that most firms shall be relying on e-governance to improve their operations. A competing f irm would be in a position to trace important data within the data base of a firm and manipulate this data, or even steal it. This may result in serious consequences to the firm. When important data about a firm in regard to issues such as the customers and suppliers accounts, management policies and strategic moves, transactional activities within a particular period, cannot be traced, it may be disastrous to the firm. Such cases might be common in future with the increase in the reliance of IT governance. Having a virtual management within a given facility can be very challenging. Given the current trends in the field of technology, it is easy to predict that virtualization of the management shall be a common phenomenon. Firms will try to make their work force slimmer, and this might involve eliminating senior managerial position in their branches. In their position will be video conferencing strategy that will help reach out for the mid managements and lower cadre employees withi n the firms. This strategy may seem very appropriate given the current advances that have been made in the field of information and communication technology. However, this strategy eliminates leadership in management. It eliminates the motivation that a manager would have on employees if he or she would be physically present. It only creates the feeling among the employees, that they are some kind of robotic machines expected to operate by a simple click on the button. This is a discouraging process to the employees that will largely reduce the productivity. Human being is an interactive creature, and with the current advances made in the field of communication, the need to interact is even becoming greater. Employees need to have a direct physical contact with the top management quite often. This will motivate them and make them feel that they are appreciated. Conclusion IT governance is increasingly becoming relevant in the current society. From the discussion above, it is clear t hat firms are currently considering applying IT governance in their overseas branches. Even smaller regional firms are finding this strategy very convenient in reducing time and improving efficiency in their operations. However, this strategy comes with a number of challenges. These challenges affect the normal operations of the firm in various ways. Currently, firms using IT governance have faced a number of challenges when using this strategy. One of the biggest challenges that these firms face is the possibility of a criminal hacking into the management system. Given that the strategy demands that everything is automated within the system, cyber criminals can crack into the system and steal important information that is confidential to the firm. When such documents are sold to competing firms, the firm may suffer from lack of a competitive advantage in the market. In some cases, such data would not only be stolen, but also be destroyed by hired gangs. When this happens, a firm ca n be brought to its knees. In future, there is a possibility of increased challenges in using this strategy. Cyber crime attacks might continue given the current trend. Lack of physical presence may also be a further challenge in future. List of References Amrosini, V., Johnson, G Scholes, K 1998, Exploring Techniques of Analysis and Evaluation in Strategic Management, Financial Times Press, New York. Anderson, M 2011, Bottom-Line Organization Development: Implementing and Evaluating Strategic Change for Lasting Value, Elsevier, Burlington. Cavusgil, T., Knight, G Riesenberger, J 2012, International Business: The New Realities, Pearson, London. Coulter, M 2009, Strategic Management in Action, Pearson Higher Education, New York. Coveney, P Highfield, C 1995, Frontiers of Complexity: The Search for Order in a Chaotic World, Fawcett Columbine, New York. Daft, R 2009, Organization Theory and Design, Cengage Learning, New York. Andreas, S 2012, ‘How technology is changing the cu rrent management’, Public Relations Review, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 1-31. Andzulis, J., Panagopoulos, G Rapp, Y 2012, ‘A Review of Social Media and Implications for the Sales Process’, Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 305-316. Barthe, G 2010, Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation, Springer, New York. Bennett, J Strange, N 2011, Television as Digital Media, Duke University Press, New York. Boyd, D Ellison, N 2008, â€Å"Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship†, Journal of Computer – Mediated Communications, vol. 13, pp. 210- 230. Brooke, F., Lucinda, A Yan, J 2011, ‘How publics respond to crisis communication strategies: The interplay of information form and source’, Public Relations Review, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 345-353 Coombs, T 2007, â€Å"Crisis Management and Communications†, Institute for Public Relations. Web. Jargon, J 2011, ‘Taco Bell Makes Spicy R esort To Suit’, Wall Street Journal, vol. 3 no. 2, pp. 34-35. Leighton, N 2008, â€Å"Proactive crisis communication planning†, Social Media, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 98- 112. This essay on The Concept of the Current and Future Challenges of IT Governance was written and submitted by user Lea Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Strong Copyright Law, a Necessity for Modern Media

Creating web pages

Creating web pages We all have something to say. We are important and have different experiences and ideas and want to share them. We don't want to share them just with a friend or a relative, but the entire world. How do you do that you ask. Simple. You don't go and call everyone you know over the phone or you don't mail your ideas out. This is way too time consuming and expensive. Instead you decide to make yourself present on the Internet. Though, creating web pages can be an involved process. So that is why I will not go into all of the details, but instead I will introduce to you the most important ideas, and explain what types of tools and resources you need to make a home page of your own.Some of the tools or programs that will be need are an editing program to create and modify HTML files, a knowledge of HTML and common web techniques, a source of pictures and other images, and a graphics program to manipulate images.HTML CodeIf you do not understand any of these, do not worry. I will explain f urther in the reading.The first thing to decide on is what type of information that is to put up. The next thing is to figure out whether a web page, one single page, or a web site, a bunch of pages, is the proper device to hold all the information. It would be best for people who are just starting off to start off with a web page. For the person who knows what they want and have more than just a couple things to say, the web site is the way to go. Some of examples of what people put up on a page or site are photos of themselves,

Technology in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Technology in Education - Essay Example This essay stresses that one of the basic requirements to acquire education was that the teacher and the student had to meet physically and in a time bound frame where the student had the limited opportunity to go about a topic and learn as much as he or she may in a specific time domain. As the paper declare that resource availability to the teachers was limited where they may ensure their continuous learning process in order to transfer the updated and up-to-mark knowledge to the students. This barrier differed from area to area, resources to resources and interest to interest whereby one may want to acquire specific knowledge but couldn’t get approach to the required resources. Major way-outs to this in old times were library, books and scholars where a person may approach and quench his or her thirst for specific information or knowledge. With the advent of computers followed by internet mania, the whole scenario has changed so rapidly, that there is hardly any effort needed in general to approach the knowledge ,open to the rest of the world if interest is prevailing. Few decades before, one had to go through the piles of pages and put up a great deal of effort in order to find the piece of specific information he or she wants to know, however it is totally in the reach of the common person due to technological advancements. Search engines, growing libraries on the internet and virtually accessible databases have now turned down the biggest hurdle in acquiring knowledge that is the accessibility issue. As the time has passed over past few decades, the importance of technological advancement has remarkable increased as well. This has caused new ways of learning in education process. After the times of educating by the physical academic material, electronic era began. Personal computers ruled over the market for quite some time and then laptops became famous due to numerous reasons. One of the most common reasons is the mobility. Laptops motivate students and help to simplify for the students any complicated information, especially, in the subjects like science and math. Students can study conveniently by accessing class education at home due to mobility feature. However, this technology is cost effective and sometimes it is hard to cap ture the attention of all students and also to make sure that all of them are using their laptops to achieve what they are told in class. Not only academic and basic education, but also professional education has been excessively impacted in positive terms by the technological advancements over the past few decades. Different fields including medical, engineering, economics, technology and business studies have prospered because up-to-date information about each subject and domain can be easily accessed via laptops through internet. Wi-Fi technology has attracted not only students, but also teachers to work with complete attention on their laptops as wires irritate the users and users like students and professionals like teachers need panic-free environment to concentrate as they are in to academic world. However, there are also many disadvantages of using laptops in classrooms. Certainly, if a student has internet and laptop with him in teen-age, he / she might tend to open social networking sites, chatting applications where anyone can message them upon finding them online. This